IMPORTANT: Updates to almost all software

This commit primarily affects the configuration step of Maneage'd projects,
and in particular, updated versions of the many of the software (see
P.S.). So it shouldn't affect your high-level analysis other than the
version bumps of the software you use (and the software's possibly
improve/changed behavior).

The following software (and thus their dependencies) couldn't be updated as
described below:
  - Cryptography: isn't building because it depends on a new
    setuptools-rust package that has problems
    (https://savannah.nongnu.org/bugs/index.php?61731), so it has been
    commented in 'versions.conf'.
  - SecretStorage: because it depends on Cryptography.
  - Keyring: because it depends on SecretStorage.
  - Astroquery: because it depends on Keyring.

This is a "squashed" commit after rebasing a development branch of 60
commits corresponding to a roughly two-month time interval. The following
people contributed to this branch.
  - Boudewijn Roukema added all the R software infrastructure and the R
    packages, as well as greatly helping in fixing many bugs during the
    update.
  - Raul Infante-Sainz helped in testing and debugging the build.
  - Pedram Ashofteh Ardakani found and fixed a bug.
  - Zahra Sharbaf helped in testing and found several bugs.

Below a description of the most noteworthy points is given.

  - Software tarballs: all updated software now have a unified format
    tarball (ustar; if not possible, pax) and unified compression (Lzip) in
    Maneage's software repository in Zenodo
    (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3883409). For more on this See
    https://savannah.nongnu.org/task/?15699 . This won't affect any extra
    software you would like to add; you can use any format recognized by
    GNU Tar, and all common compression algorithms. This new requirement is
    only for software that get merged to the core Maneage branch.

  - Metastore (and thus libbsd and libmd) moved to highlevel: Metastore
    (and the packages it depends on) is a high-level product that is only
    relevant during the project development (like Emacs!): when the user
    wants the file meta data (like dates) to be unchanged after checking
    out branches. So it should be considered a high-level software, not
    basic. Metastore also usually causes many more headaches and error
    messages, so personally, I have stopped using it! Instead I simply
    merge my branches in a separate clone, then pull the merge commit: in
    this way, the files of my project aren't re-written during the checkout
    phase and therefore their dates are untouched (which can conflict with
    Make's dates on configuration files).

  - The un-official cloned version of Flex (2.6.4-91 until this commit) was
    causing problems in the building of Netpbm, so with this commit, it has
    been moved back to version 2.6.4.

  - Netpbm's official page had version 10.73.38 as the latest stable
    tarball that was just released in late 2021. But I couldn't find our
    previously-used version 10.86.99 anywhere (to see when it was released
    and why we used it! Its at last more than one year old!). So the
    official stable version is being used now.

  - Improved instructions in 'README.md' for building software environment
    in a Docker container (while having project source and output data
    products on the local system; including the usage of the host's
    '/dev/shm' to speed up temporary operations).

  - Until now, the convention in Maneage was to put eight SPACE characters
    before the comment lines within recipes. This was done because by
    default GNU Emacs (also many other editors) show a TAB as eight
    characters. However, in other text editors, online browsers, or even
    the Git diff, a TAB can correspond to a different number of
    characters. In such cases, the Maneage recipes wouldn't look too
    interesting (the comments and the recipe commands would show a
    different indentation!).

    With this commit, all the comment lines in the Makefiles within the
    core Maneage branch have a hash ('#') as their first character and a
    TAB as the second. This allows the comment lines in recipes to have the
    same indentation as code; making the code much more easier to read in a
    general scenario including a 'git diff' (editor agnostic!).

P.S. List of updated software with their old and new versions
 - Software with no version update are not mentioned.
 - The old version of newly added software are shown with '--'.

Name (Basic)              Old version    New version
------------              -----------    -----------
Bzip2                     1.0.6          1.0.8
CURL                      7.71.1         7.79.1
Dash                      0.5.10.2       0.5.11.5
File                      5.39           5.41
Flock                     0.2.3          0.4.0
GNU Bash                  5.0.18         5.1.8
GNU Binutils              2.35           2.37
GNU Coreutils             8.32           9.0
GNU GCC                   10.2.0         11.2.0
GNU M4                    1.4.18         1.4.19
GNU Readline              8.0            8.1.1
GNU Tar                   1.32           1.34
GNU Texinfo               6.7            6.8
GNU diffutils             3.7            3.8
GNU findutils             4.7.0          4.8.0
GNU gmp                   6.2.0          6.2.1
GNU grep                  3.4            3.7
GNU gzip                  1.10           1.11
GNU libunistring          0.9.10         1.0
GNU mpc                   1.1.0          1.2.1
GNU mpfr                  4.0.2          4.1.0
GNU nano                  5.2            6.0
GNU ncurses               6.2            6.3
GNU wget                  1.20.3         1.21.2
Git                       2.28.0         2.34.0
Less                      563            590
Libxml2                   2.9.9          2.9.12
Lzip                      1.22-rc2       1.22
OpenSLL                   1.1.1a         3.0.0
Patchelf                  0.10           0.13
Perl                      5.32.0         5.34.0
Podlators                 --             4.14

Name (Highlevel)          Old version    New version
----------------          -----------    -----------
Apachelog4cxx             0.10.0-603     0.12.1
Astrometry.net            0.80           0.85
Boost                     1.73.0         1.77.0
CFITSIO                   3.48           4.0.0
Cmake                     3.18.1         3.21.4
Eigen                     3.3.7          3.4.0
Expat                     2.2.9          2.4.1
FFTW                      3.3.8          3.3.10
Flex                      2.6.4-91       2.6.4
Fontconfig                2.13.1         2.13.94
Freetype                  2.10.2         2.11.0
GNU Astronomy Utilities   0.12           0.16.1-e0f1
GNU Autoconf              2.69.200-babc  2.71
GNU Automake              1.16.2         1.16.5
GNU Bison                 3.7            3.8.2
GNU Emacs                 27.1           27.2
GNU GDB                   9.2            11.1
GNU GSL                   2.6            2.7
GNU Help2man              1.47.11        1.48.5
Ghostscript               9.52           9.55.0
ICU                       --             70.1
ImageMagick               7.0.8-67       7.1.0-13
Libbsd                    0.10.0         0.11.3
Libffi                    3.2.1          3.4.2
Libgit2                   1.0.1          1.3.0
Libidn                    1.36           1.38
Libjpeg                   9b             9d
Libmd                     --             1.0.4
Libtiff                   4.0.10         4.3.0
Libx11                    1.6.9          1.7.2
Libxt                     1.2.0          1.2.1
Netpbm                    10.86.99       10.73.38
OpenBLAS                  0.3.10         0.3.18
OpenMPI                   4.0.4          4.1.1
Pixman                    0.38.0         0.40.0
Python                    3.8.5          3.10.0
R                         4.0.2          4.1.2
SWIG                      3.0.12         4.0.2
Util-linux                2.35           2.37.2
Util-macros               1.19.2         1.19.3
Valgrind                  3.15.0         3.18.1
WCSLIB                    7.3            7.7
Xcb-proto                 1.14           1.14.1
Xorgproto                 2020.1         2021.5

Name (Python)             Old version    New version
-------------             -----------    -----------
Astropy                   4.0            5.0
Beautifulsoup4            4.7.1          4.10.0
Beniget                   --             0.4.1
Cffi                      1.12.2         1.15.0
Cryptography              2.6.1          36.0.1
Cycler                    0.10.0         0.11.0+}
Cython                    0.29.21        0.29.24
Esutil                    0.6.4          0.6.9
Extension-helpers         --             0.1
Galsim                    2.2.1          2.3.3
Gast                      --             0.5.3
Jinja2                    --             3.0.3
MPI4py                    3.0.3          3.1.3
Markupsafe                --             2.0.1
Numpy                     1.19.1         1.21.3
Packaging                 --             21.3
Pillow                    --             8.4.0
Ply                       --             3.11
Pyerfa                    --             2.0.0.1
Pyparsing                 2.3.1          3.0.4
Pythran                   --             0.11.0
Scipy                     1.5.2          1.7.3
Setuptools                41.6.0         58.3.0
Six                       1.12.0         1.16.0
Uncertainties             3.1.2          3.1.6
Wheel                     --             0.37.0

Name (R)                  Old version    New version
--------                  -----------    -----------
Cli                       --             2.5.0
Colorspace                --             2.0-1
Cowplot                   --             1.1.1
Crayon                    --             1.4.1
Digest                    --             0.6.27
Ellipsis                  --             0.3.2
Fansi                     --             0.5.0
Farver                    --             2.1.0
Ggplot2                   --             3.3.4
Glue                      --             1.4.2
GridExtra                 --             2.3
Gtable                    --             0.3.0
Isoband                   --             0.2.4
Labeling                  --             0.4.2
Lifecycle                 --             1.0.0
Magrittr                  --             2.0.1
MASS                      --             7.3-54
Mgcv                      --             1.8-36
Munsell                   --             0.5.0
Pillar                    --             1.6.1
R-Pkgconfig               --             2.0.3
R6                        --             2.5.0
RColorBrewer              --             1.1-2
Rlang                     --             0.4.11
Scales                    --             1.1.1
Tibble                    --             3.1.2
Utf8                      --             1.2.1
Vctrs                     --             0.3.8
ViridisLite               --             0.4.0
Withr                     --             2.4.2

1 files changed, 20 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/reproduce/analysis/make/verify.mk b/reproduce/analysis/make/verify.mk
index 7e16add..d3f3282 100644
--- a/reproduce/analysis/make/verify.mk
+++ b/reproduce/analysis/make/verify.mk
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Verify the project outputs before building the paper.
 #
-# Copyright (C) 2020-2021 Mohammad Akhlaghi <mohammad@akhlaghi.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2020-2022 Mohammad Akhlaghi <mohammad@akhlaghi.org>
 #
 # This Makefile is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ verify-txt-no-comments-no-space = \
 # (generated in various stages of the analysis.
 #
 # Since each analysis step's data files are already prerequisites of their
-# respective TeX macro file, its enough for `verify.tex' to depend on the
+# respective TeX macro file, its enough for 'verify.tex' to depend on the
 # final TeX macro.
 #
 # USEFUL TIP: during the early phases of your research (when you are
@@ -103,40 +103,40 @@ verify-txt-no-comments-no-space = \
 #
 # Here is a description of the variables defined here.
 #
-#   verify-dep: The major step dependencies of `verify.tex', this includes
+#   verify-dep: The major step dependencies of 'verify.tex', this includes
 #               all the steps that must be finished before it.
 #
 #   verify-changes: The files whose contents are important. This is
-#               essentially the same as `verify-dep', but it has removed
-#               the `initialize' step (which is information about the
+#               essentially the same as 'verify-dep', but it has removed
+#               the 'initialize' step (which is information about the
 #               pipeline, not the results).
 verify-dep = $(subst verify,,$(subst paper,,$(makesrc)))
 verify-check = $(subst initialize,,$(verify-dep))
 $(mtexdir)/verify.tex: $(foreach s, $(verify-dep), $(mtexdir)/$(s).tex)
 
-        # Make sure that verification is actually requested, the '@' at the
-        # start of the recipe is added so Make doesn't print the commands
-        # on the standard output because this recipe is run on every call
-        # to the project and can be annoying (get mixed in the middle of
-        # the analysis outputs or the LaTeX outputs).
+#	Make sure that verification is actually requested, the '@' at the
+#	start of the recipe is added so Make doesn't print the commands on
+#	the standard output because this recipe is run on every call to the
+#	project and can be annoying (get mixed in the middle of the
+#	analysis outputs or the LaTeX outputs).
 	@if [ x"$(verify-outputs)" = xyes ]; then
 
-          # Make sure the temporary output doesn't exist (because we want
-          # to append to it). We are making a temporary output target so if
-          # there is a crash in the middle, Make will not continue. If we
-          # write in the final target progressively, the file will exist,
-          # and its date will be more recent than all prerequisites, so
-          # next time the project is run, Make will continue and ignore the
-          # rest of the checks.
+#	  Make sure the temporary output doesn't exist (because we want to
+#	  append to it). We are making a temporary output target so if
+#	  there is a crash in the middle, Make will not continue. If we
+#	  write in the final target progressively, the file will exist, and
+#	  its date will be more recent than all prerequisites, so next time
+#	  the project is run, Make will continue and ignore the rest of the
+#	  checks.
 	  rm -f $@.tmp
 
-          # Verify the figure datasets.
+#	  Verify the figure datasets.
 	  $(call verify-txt-no-comments-no-space, \
 	         $(dm-squared), 6b6d3b0f9c351de53606507b59bca5d1, $@.tmp)
 	  $(call verify-txt-no-comments-no-space, \
 	         $(dm-img-histogram), b1f9c413f915a1ad96078fee8767b16c, $@.tmp)
 
-          # Verify TeX macros (the values that go into the PDF text).
+#	  Verify TeX macros (the values that go into the PDF text).
 	  for m in $(verify-check); do
 	    file=$(mtexdir)/$$m.tex
 	    if   [ $$m == download  ]; then s=49e4e9f049aa9da0453a67203d798587
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ $(mtexdir)/verify.tex: $(foreach s, $(verify-dep), $(mtexdir)/$(s).tex)
 	    $(call verify-txt-no-comments-no-space, $$file, $$s, $@.tmp)
 	  done
 
-          # Move temporary file to final target.
+#	  Move temporary file to final target.
 	  mv $@.tmp $@
 	else
 	  echo "% Verification was DISABLED!" > $@