HEALPix Facility Installation Guidelines
This document describes the installation for the HEALPix facilities.
Eric Hivon, Anthony J. Banday, Matthias Bartelmann, Benjamin D. Wandelt,
Frode K. Hansen and Krzysztof M. Górski
Revision: Version 3.50; December 10, 2018
https://healpix.sourceforge.io
http://healpix.sf.net
In this document the installation procedure for the HEALPix
distribution is outlined. HEALPix comprises a suite of Fortran 90, C++,
IDL, Java and Python routines
providing both stand-alone facilities and callable subroutines as an alternative
for those users who wish to build their own tools.
A set of C subroutines and functions is also provided.
The distribution can be downloaded as a gzipped tarred file, or as a zipped file,
which can respectively be unpacked by executing the commands1
% gunzip Healpix_3.50.tar.gz
% tar -xpf Healpix_3.50.tar
or
% tar -xzpf Healpix_3.50.tar.gz
or
% unzip Healpix_3.50.zip
creating a directory named Healpix_3.50 whose structure is shown in Figure
1.
Figure 1:
The directory structure for the HEALPix distribution.
|
As with most freely available software, the distribution
comes with caveats, the major one being that although we have attempted
to automate the installation as much as possible, not all eventualities
can ever be foreseen. We have tested the installation on the following
platforms:
AIX, IRIX, IRIX64, Linux, SunOS, ALPHA and Darwin (MacOS)
There may be problems in the facility build due to the local system
configuration which is beyond our control.
Installation Requirements
Table 1:
Documentation on the installation and usage of the different packages
|
The major part of the HEALPix distribution is written in both Fortran 90 and C++ and
so the appropriate compiler(s) must be present (Linux and Darwin users should look
at Section 7.1 about free F90 compilers. Microsoft Windows
users should look at Section 7.2). Many visualisation tools and map
manipulation routines are provided in IDL (please note
that at least version 6.4 is required), Java and Python. Some of the HEALPix routines are
also available in C.
Starting with version 3.0, the
healpy
(HEALPix in Python) library has been integrated into HEALPix releases. Since it
is, to a large extent, a
wrapper to the C++ routines, installing it also requires a C++ compiler (on top
of python and a few supporting Python libraries) but it will perform
its own compilation of the current HEALPix C++ library.
This section and the next focus on the compilation and installation of the
C, C++, Fortran 90, IDL and
Python routines. For more information on the
Java routines see table 1.
The configure script is written in the Bourne shell. The script
attempts to generate a Makefile which is tailored to one of
the above Operating Systems (OS's) and using
Makefile.in as a template for non system-specific statements.
Only the basic UNIX make facility is required to build the software, although we do
still recommend the GNU make facility (ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/make/).
In addition, several environment configuration files and an IDL/GDL/FL startup file are
generated. These automatically establish
various environment variables and aliases to make the use of the
HEALPix package simpler.
The HEALPix Fortran 90, C++, C and Python distributions also
require the publicly available CFITSIO library. Note that the
Fortran 90 routines require
version 3.20 or more (post August 2009)
of CFITSIO. Out of security concerns, the CFITSIO developers recommend using version 3.44 (April 2018) or more.
The IDL visualization software is commercially
available at
while the GNU Data Language GDL, a free open clone of IDL 7.1,
or
the freeware Fawlty Language FL, a free closed clone of IDL 8,
can also be used (with some
caveats, listed respectively in §7.9 and §7.10) and can be downloaded for free from
As it was already the case in version 1.20, users no longer need to acquire the
IDL
Astronomy User's Library (https://idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov/homepage.html)
or the COBE (IDL) Analysis Software (https://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov/product/cobe/cgis.cfm),
although we do recommend these packages to the user.
The 100-odd routines required for version 3.50 are contained in the
subdirectory Healpix_3.50/src/idl/zzz_external.
These procedures are included in the HEALPix package unchanged and
solely for the purpose of making it self contained. In this way,
we remove the burden of installation of additional libraries from
the end user.
The Python healpy package requires
While not required, the
IPython (https://ipython.org)
and
Cython (https://cython.org)
softwares can also be useful.
A parallel implementation (based on OpenMP, for shared memory architectures) of the Spherical Harmonics
Transforms involved in F90 synfast, anafast, smoothing, plmgen, alteralm
and C++
synalm_cxx, alm2map_cxx, anafast_cxx, smoothing_cxx, rotalm_cxx ... is now
available by default and can be readily compiled and used with the standard installation script.
A set of routines with MPI parallelization (for distributed memory architectures)
is also available for Spherical Harmonics Transform, thanks to the work of H.K. Eriksen
(UIO) and Snorre Boasson (ITEA, NTNU). See the F90
subroutines documentation for more information on how to use those routines in
your code.
We found that it was remarkably difficult to find
random number generators in the public
domain which are simple yet
powerful and easy to use.
We are providing one (both in C++ and F90) which is an adaptation of an xorshift generator described
in Marsaglia (Journal of Statistical Software 2003, vol 8). It has a theoretical period of
.
The shell script healpix_doc now is available to provide easy
access to the HTML and/or PDF documentation of all Healpix packages.
It will automatically open a web browser or PDF viewer (among those found on the
system) on the documentation
available locally (at $HEALPIX/doc) or on remote web sites. To use it, simply type
$HEALPIX/healpix_doc
or
$HEALPIX/healpix_doc -p
to access respectively the HTML and PDF documentation. The default browser and
viewer used by healpix_doc can optionally be set with the
environment variables
$HEALPIX_HTML_BROWSER and
$HEALPIX_PDF_VIEWER.
If the user has one of the supported OS's, then installation proceeds utilizing
the following commands. If your OS is not supported, the configuration step
should be omitted, Makefile.in should be copied as Makefile and explicitly
tailored to the user environment.
% ./configure [-L] |
uses Makefile.in as a template to build
the correct Makefile (from user inputs as required), it
will also configure the IDL/GDL/FL routines |
% make |
builds all the facilities |
% make test |
tests all the facility previously compiled |
% make clean |
removes object (*.o) files |
% make tidy |
removes object files, module files (*.mod), executables and libraries |
% make distclean |
same as above and restores the directories to the state of the
original distribution |
These different steps are detailed below.
The ./configure script manages the configuration of the C, C++,
Fortran90, IDL and Python suites of routines and facilities.
Since v2.11, it accepts the -L option to write the HEALPix specific configuration files
into the HEALPix directory itself rather than in installer's home directory (see
§4.1.1).
Using the -L option is recommended when doing a project or system wide installation of
HEALPix to be accessed by several different users.
An online help is available with
./configure -h, while
./configure -v
will return the HEALPix release number (currently 3.50) and exit.
Configuration profile
A feature introduced in previous releases and enhanced since v2.10, is that
the configure script creates a shell configuration file
(located in
${HOME}/.healpix/3_50 _
OS_TYPE
/config
or in
${HEALPIX}/confdir/3_50 _
OS_TYPE
/config
if ./configure -L was used)
according to shell
type in which various environment variables and aliases are defined
for your convenience. If you agree upon prompting, it will also
change your default system profile during installation to
automatically source this profile. If you do not agree to this change,
you will need to explicitly source the configuration file above for any session in
which you intend to run HEALPix facilities. In particular, you will
have to make sure that the HEALPIX system variable is correctly
defined (as the full path to the HEALPix directory) before running
the package.
The ./configure script will ask for the C compiler and options to
be used, and for the full path of an installed cfitsio library to link to.
By default, only a static library is created, but the user can also ask for
a shared (Unix/Linux systems) or dynamic (Darwin) library.
After compilation
(see make section) and linking, all libraries will be
in ${HEALPIX}/lib/chealpix.* .
C++ configuration
Two options are available:
The interactive ./configure script will
ask for the full path to an installed cfitsio library to link to, and then provide a choice of
predefined targets corresponding to different combinations of C++ compilers and
options. Each of those targets is defined in a configuration file located in
Healpix_3.50/src/cxx/config/config.target.
The user can therefore add new targets or edit existing ones, and the
./configure script will update its menu accordingly.
If a fairly recent version
(4.2 or higher) of gcc and g++ is installed on the system, the target
"generic_gcc" should always work, except under MacOSX, where "osx" target is
required.
The environment variables EXTERNAL_CFITSIO,
CFITSIO_EXT_LIB,
CFITSIO_EXT_INC and
HEALPIX_TARGET
will be set according to the choices made above.
If the HEALPix configuration file is sourced as described in §4.1.1, the full path to the C++
executables will be added to the environment PATH variable.
Starting with HEALPix 3.0, an automated (autoconf generated) configure script is
available in Healpix_3.50/src/cxx/configure. To use it (and also make the compilation, and test it)
do
cd src/cxx
./configure
make
make test
which will put the compilation products in Healpix_3.50/src/cxx/auto.
When you run ./configure on a supported system
you will be prompted to enter compiler optimisation flags.
We have not attempted to provide the best optimisation flags for all
operating systems. The configure
script will have a guess at optimisation options for some systems, but it
is up to the user to figure out an optimal set2.
From our experience,
we have not found significant accumulation of numerical error even
when using the most aggressive optimisation level available.
If the HEALPix configuration file is sourced as described in §4.1.1, the full path to the F90
executables will be added to the environment PATH variable.
IDL/GDL/FL configuration
You will be asked for the external applications, such as gv, xpdf, display,
you want to use to visualize the
GIF, JPEG, PDF, Postscript and PNG files created by IDL, GDL or FL.
If the HEALPix configuration file is
sourced as described in §4.1.1, the aliases
hidl (hidlde),
hgdl (hgdlde) and/or
hfl (hflde)
are also defined to give you access to HEALPix routines from respectively IDL, GDL and/or FL,
with a command-line (or graphical) interface.
See the HEALPix IDL Document
for more
information on using HEALPix IDL/GDL/FL together with other IDL libraries, and §7.9,7.10 on using GDL or FL instead of IDL.
The configuration and installation of the HEALPix Java package is currently
handled separately. See table 1 for more information.
The ./configure script will ask for the Python command you want to use
(in case many coexist on your computer) and will check that its version number meets the healpy requirements (see above).
Note that during the compilation with make (see below), the
src/healpy/setup.py Python script will be invoked to automatically prompt a fresh compilation of the
src/cxx/* libraries, with all the options necessary to Python linkage, and
can be done independently of the C++ installation described above.
The
make
command will compile one or several of the C, C++, F90 and Python packages
depending on what was configured with the ./configure script.
Specific packages can be compiled with the respective commands
make c-all
make cpp-all
make f90-all
make healpy-all
To perform several compilation jobs simultaneously, the command make -j [jobs]
can be used.
Please neglect any possible warnings at compile time. If you run into
trouble please refer to the section Troubleshooting and further
information.
After running make, the user must re-login to ensure that the new profiles built by the installation
procedure are correctly sourced. Only then will the
user have full access to the specific HEALPix
environment variables etc.
All installed libraries and executables can be tested with
make test
while specific tests of the C, C++ and Fortran products can be performed with,
respectively
make c-test
make cpp-test
make f90-test
For the latter, Table 2 lists the codes tested with the
parameter files used, as well as the data files produced and the respective
reference files.
Notes:
the input power spectrum (in Healpix_3.50/test/cl.fits) used to generate the Fortran90 test maps
is currently the WMAP 1yr best fit, in
, and is therefore different from the one
included in releases 1.* (that can still be found in cl_old.fits).
Other input fiducial
, all in
and defined on the multipole range
, have been included for convenience in
Healpix_3.50/test/
in a HEALPix compatible format.
File name |
alias |
Origin |
 |
wmap_lcdm_pl_model_yr1_v1.fits |
cl.fits |
WMAP-1yr (2005) |
3000 |
wmap_lcdm_sz_lens_wmap5_cl_v3.fits |
cl_wmap5.fits |
WMAP-5yr (2008) |
2000 |
wmap_lcdm_sz_lens_wmap7_cl_v4.fits |
cl_wmap7.fits |
WMAP-7yr (2011) |
3726 |
planck2013ext_lcdm_cl_v1.fits |
cl_planck1.fits |
Planck
2013 |
4500 |
planck2015_lcdm_cl_v2.fits |
cl_planck2.fits |
Planck 2015 |
4900 |
planck2018_lcdm_cl_v3.fits |
cl_planck3.fits |
Planck 2018 |
5000 |
For more information on their respective origin and underlying model see their FITS header, or
Healpix_3.50/test/README.
In order to test the new HEALPix profile set-up one can then attempt
to run any C++ or F90 facility from any directory on your system. Similarly,
IDL, GDL or FL can be tested by invoking respectively
hidl (or hidlde), hgdl (or hgdlde), or hfl (or hflde).
Three levels of cleaning are available:
make clean
will remove the intermediate files created during compilation, such as object
files, (Fortran) modules files, ... found in the source or build directories;
make tidy
same as above, and will also remove the HEALPix executables, libraries and module and/or
include files;
make distclean
will return the HEALPix directory to its original 'distribution' state by discarding the same
files as above, as well as the executable and library directories and the top
level Makefile.
As a consequence, make clean can be used after a successful compilation and installation in order to remove now useless intermediate files while keeping the codes functional,
while
make tidy should be used between consecutive (failed) attempts with different compilers, compiler versions or compiler options, to avoid any conflict between new and pre-existing files.
As a result of the line added to your shell profile which explicitly
sources the HEALPix profile, care must be taken if the package
is reinstalled in a different directory. If such reinstallation
is desired, the included line must be removed from your system profile,
allowing the corrected version to be added.
Pkg-config files
Starting with HEALPix 3.12, pkg-config (.pc) files are generated
during the configuration of the
C, C++ and F90 packages, and are initially located respectively in
${HEALPIX}/lib/chealpix.pc,
install_lib_directory/pkgconfig/healpix_cxx.pc
and
${HEALPIX}/libsuffix/healpix.pc.
If the
pkg-config software
is available on your system (see
https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/pkg-config/
to download, install and
use it) and if the location of
the HEALPix pkg-config files above are known to it (either by moving/copying them
to one of the standard locations returned by
pkg-config -variable pc_path pkg-config
or by customizing the environment variable PKG_CONFIG_PATH3) then linking
your own code with the
C,
C++,
F90 HEALPix library simply becomes
cc `pkg-config -cflags -libs chealpix` mycode.c -o mycode
c++ `pkg-config -cflags -libs healpix_cxx` mycode.cpp -o mycode
FC `pkg-config -cflags -libs healpix` mycode.f90 -o mycode
(where FC has to be replaced by the Fortran compiler used to generate the
HEALPix library).
Troubleshooting and further information
This section contains a list of difficulties which we have dealt
with. It is by no means exhaustive.
In case of problems, see https://healpix.sourceforge.io/support.php
or contact healpix-support at lists.sourceforge.net
Free Fortran90/95 Compilers
The free Fortran90/95 compilers that can be used to compile HEALPix include:
Intel Fortran Compiler for Linux based computers (versions
11.* to 19.*4)
https://software.intel.com/en-us/fortran-compilers
GNU Fortran 95 compiler (gfortran) included in GNU Compiler Collection GCC version 4.0.0
and up and available for Linux, Mac OSX, Windows, Sun ... platforms
https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/fortran/.
GFortran binaries for all platforms can also be downloaded from
https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortranBinaries.
Please note that only recent versions of gfortran (Aug 2005
and later) compile HEALPix correctly, and v4.2.1 and more have given satisfying
results so far, including native OpenMP support.
G95 compiler available for Linux, Mac OSX, Windows, Sun and HP platforms with 32 and 64 bit architectures (eg, x86 and x86-64). In the latter case, the '32bit default integer' (32bit DI) version of g95 must be used.
http://www.g95.org
Installation under Microsoft Windows
Detailed instructions to install HEALPix on Windows 7 using Cygwin, kindly provided by John Arballo,
are available in §7.2.1,
while other configurations are discussed in §7.2.2.
Installation on Windows 7 with Cygwin
The three steps (installation of Cygwin, cfitsio and HEALPix respectively) must be done in that order.
A: Install Cygwin
- Go to https://www.cygwin.com/
and click on `Install Cygwin' in the menu on the left.
- Click on setup-x86.exe (for 32-bit installation) or setup-x86_64.exe
(for 64-bit installation) and then `Save File' when prompted.
- Go to your Downloads folder (or wherever you saved setup-x86*.exe) and
double-click on the setup-x86*.exe file to run it.
- Accept all defaults, except:
- You have to `Choose A Download Site'. (eg:
ftp://ftp.gtlib.gatech.edu).
- When prompted to `Select Packages', expand `Default' (if you see a `+'
to the left of it), expand `Devel', then find and add the following
packages (click on `Skip' for each of them so it changes to the
version number and a checkbox appears in the `Bin' column):
gcc-core
gcc-fortran
gcc-g++
make
The installation will take a few minutes.
B: Install CFITSIO Library
- Get the latest source code package from NASA's HEASARC website
(https://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/FTP/software/fitsio/c/cfitsio_latest.tar.gz).
When prompted to save the file, in the Save dialog window, navigate to
C:\cygwin64\usr\local
(assuming you accepted the defaults when installing Cygwin), click on
`New folder' and name it `src', go into that folder and `Save'.
- Open a Cygwin terminal (via the new Desktop icon or through your Start
menu).
- Enter the following commands at the '$' prompt:
$ cd /usr/local/src
$ tar zxvf cfitsio_latest.tar.gz
$ cd cfitsio
$ ./configure -prefix=/usr
$ make
$ make install
$ cd ../
- Leave the Cygwin terminal open.
C: Install HEALPix
- Get the latest version of HEALPix from SourceForge
(https://sourceforge.net/projects/healpix/files/latest/download). When
prompted to save the file, save it in
C:\cygwin64\usr\local\src.
- In Windows Explorer, navigate to
C:\cygwin64\usr\local\src,
right-click on Healpix_*.zip and `Extract all...'. Accept the
default location.
- In the Cygwin terminal, type the following commands at the
'$' prompt
(use the names of the Healpix directories for
the version you installed):
$ cd Healpix_3.30_2015Oct08
$ cd Healpix_3.30
$ ./configure
Select an option from the menu (e.g., `2' for the C
package) and accept all of the defaults except that
the first time
you run configure, you'll be prompted at the end to modify your
home shell profile ('.profile'). Enter `y' at this prompt.
If you want to install the C++ package of HEALPix (option 4), pick generic_gcc when prompted for a C++ configuration.
$ make
$ make test
$ make tidy
Other Windows configurations
Installation on Windows versions other than 7 should be very similar to the one detailed above.
In step A above, replacing Cygwin with MinGW (http://www.mingw.org/) together with the MSYS collection of GNU utilities
(see http://www.mingw.org/wiki/msys
and
https://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files) is also possible.
The Unix/Linux tools required include sh, make, awk, grep, sed, ls, wc, cat, more, nm, ar,
as well as C, C++ and Fortran compilers.
The latest gfortran binaries for Cygwin and/or MinGW can be found at, eg
https://cygwin.com/cgi-bin2/package-grep.cgi?grep=gcc-fortran&arch=x86_64,
following the tips found at
https://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/GFortranBinaries.
The most common problem with the Fortran HEALPix compilation will produce
messages like:
ld: Undefined symbols:
_ftbnfm_
_ftclos_
_ftcrhd_
_ftdkey_
...
or
fitstools.f90: undefined reference to `ftdkey_'
fitstools.f90: undefined reference to `ftbnfm_'
fitstools.f90: undefined reference to `ftclos_'
...
or
Undefined symbols:
"_ftghbn_", referenced from:
___fitstools_MOD_read_fits_cut4.clone.2 in libhealpix.a(fitstools.o)
___fitstools_MOD_getsize_fits.clone.1 in libhealpix.a(fitstools.o)
___fitstools_MOD_getsize_fits in libhealpix.a(fitstools.o)
...
ld: symbol(s) not found
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
and occurs when the CFITSIO installation script could not find a valid fortran compiler.
To solve this problem
- Go into the CFITSIO directory.
Assuming that ifort is available on your
system (it can be replaced below by gfortran, g95, f77, f2c,
) type:
./configure FC=ifort
make
make install (optional).
- Then go back into the HEALPix directory and do
./configure (making sure that you are using the newly created libcfitsio.a library)
make
make test
See also the note below on 64 bit architectures.
- Linux, Mac OS X
If the HEALPix codes are compiled in 64 bits, and the GNU C Compiler (gcc) is used to compiled CFITSIO, then issue the following commands in the
CFITSIO directory:
./configure FC='gcc -m64'
make
You can
then force compilation to the same binary format by entering
-m64 when asked for the optimisation options in the
HEALPix configure script.
- IRIX64
On a 64-bit architecture such as IRIX64, CFITSIO will have to be
compiled in the same binary format as the HEALPix codes.
This can be achieved by typing the
following on the
command line in the CFITSIO directory:
rm config.cache
setenv CC 'cc -n32'
./configure
make
Alternatively you can replace the -n32 with -64. You can
then force compilation to the same binary format by entering either
-n32 or -64 when asked for the optimisation options in the
HEALPix configure script.
A particular problem encountered with the CFITSIO Version 2.0 release relates
to the inclusion of various libraries within the system release for a given
machine. This led to some modifications to the Makefile to include the specific
library links -lm -lnsl -lsocket on SunOS, but only -lm for IRIX64.
If your OS is not completely supported by the distribution, you may find this
as one source of errors. The CFITSIO developers recommend compilation of the
testprog routine. Inspection of the libraries linked after executing the
make testprog statement will reveal those you need to include in the
Makefile.
Some problems have been reported on Debian/Linux systems during the
linking to the CFITSIO library shipped with Linux. If these problems
occur, try to recompile the CFITSIO library from scratch before linking
to HEALPix .
This by itself is no cause for concern. When comparing using a
diff on the test files will most likely report a
difference even when the installation has been successful.
This may be due to the fact that
different installations have different floating point
representations. Also, the FITS files carry date information.
If you have unforeseen problems at runtime, try unlimit (under csh or tcsh) or ulimit (under sh or bash), in order to increase the heap and stack memory size. It
sometimes helps.
We have found that in very rare cases the alias hidl
is not recognised by the user's system. Usually, this is related
to the local system's IDL script. A quick-fix is achieved
by setting the environment variable IDL_STARTUP to be
equal to the HEALPix startup file HEALPix_startup
including the directory path to the file. This enables
the user to access the HEALPix IDL procedures simply by invoking
IDL. For example, in the typical installation documented
above for a user running the tcsh shell, the command
setenv IDL_STARTUP
/disk1/user1/HEALPix_3.50/src/idl/HEALPix_startup
should be issued (or added to the user's shell profile).
If the user already has an IDL startup file, then
this should be merged with HEALPix_startup. This temporary
solution does mean that the HEALPix IDL procedures are available
in the IDL_PATH at all times, which may lead to conflicts with
user-defined procedures. The hidl invocation was intended
to circumvent these issues, allowing HEALPix IDL procedures to
be available only when desired.
A proper fix requires the user to ask the local system
administrator to adjust the local IDL script.
See the homonymous section in the "IDL Facilities Overview"
Mac OS X, X11 and IDL cursor
If the IDL cursor does not work correctly on X11 windows under Mac OS X, and the
2nd and 3rd button clicks are ineffective,
type
with Apple's X11:
under Tiger (10.4.*):
defaults write com.apple.x11 wm_click_through -bool true
under Leopard (10.5.*), Snow Leopard (10.6.*) and Lion (10.7.*):
defaults write org.x.x11 wm_click_through -bool true
with Xquartz (default under Moutain Lion (10.8.*), Mavericks (10.9.*) and Yosemite (10.10.*),
available for download for
El Capitan (10.11.*), Sierra (10.12.*) and High Sierra (10.13.*)):
defaults write org.macosforge.xquartz.X11 wm_click_through -bool true
with MacPort's X11 (package xorg-server):
defaults write org.macports.X11 wm_click_through -bool true
at your X11 prompt and restart X11.
Note that the command ls -lrt $HOME/Library/Preferences/*[xX]11*plist
can be used to determine the X window system installed on
your Mac.
See also http://www.idlcoyote.com/misc_tips/maccursor.html
and
mollcursor documentation in "IDL
Facilities").
Using GDL instead of IDL
GNU Data Language (GDL), is a free clone of IDL 7.1, with support for some IDL 8.0 features (for more information see
https://github.com/gnudatalanguage/gdl).
Both the source code and precompiled executables for various platforms are available.
When used to run IDL-Healpix routines, GDL 0.9.8 or more gives
very satisfactory results5.
The calculations agree with those done under IDL, with
comparable computation times, but a few minor features, mostly related to the font selection, are missing.
To fully enjoy GDL capabilities
HEALPix 3.50 or more must be installed
Besides the mandatory requirements (plplot,
gsl,
readline
and
zlib)
GDL must also have been (pre-)compiled with links to
ImageMagick
(or GraphicsMagick)
to produce GIF, JPEG and PNG output files,
pslib
to produce PostScript and PDF files (in the latter case,
a recent version of ghostscript, i.e. 9.07 or more, is also recommended).
When run under GDL 0.9.8, and if the requirements stated above are met,
the visualization routines
azeqview, cartview, gnomview, mollview and orthview
will produce correct screen (X) outputs and PS, PDF, PNG, GIF, and JPEG images, with the following caveat(s):
the pfonts keyword will not allow the selection of other fonts than Hershey vectorial fonts (pfonts[0]=-1).
All other features work properly, including the Latex keyword.
Using FL instead of IDL
Fawlty Language (FL) is a black-box implementation of IDL 8.0, for which precompiled self-contained packages
are available for Linux, Windows, MacOSX and more from
https://www.flxpert.hu/fl.
Most of the IDL routines and features have been implemented, with a few exceptions
(like xloadct) and the restrictions listed below.
To fully enjoy FL capabilities
HEALPix 3.50 or more must be installed,
the version 0.79.44 or more of FL must be used,
it is recommended to set the environment variable FL_DIR to the FL top directory (ie path/fl/fl_0.79.44 in Linux and Windows, and path/fl.app in MacOSX)
in order for the HEALPix enabled FL tools (hfl and hflde) to be defined properly during the
IDL/GDL/FL configuration.
to produce PDF files
a recent version of ghostscript, i.e. 9.07 or more, is recommended.
In FL, the !p.font selection is ignored in the 'X' device.
In 'PS' device, the Hershey Fonts (!p.font=-1) and Device Fonts (!p.font=0)
look respectively slightly and noticeably different from their IDL counterparts,
while the TrueType Fonts (!p.font=1) are not fully implemented yet.
As a consequence, the graphical outputs of
azeqview, cartview, gnomview, mollview and orthview
will look slightly different in FL and IDL,
while in those routines the option
PFONTS will not work fully as expected.
However, the Latex keyword will work properly in those routines.
Appendix I: Recent Changes and New Features
A bug affecting map2alm_iterative
(when a mask is used in combination with
iter_order >0)
and
anafast (when
maskfile or
theta_cut_deg
are used in combination with
iter_order>0) has been corrected,
addition of zbounds in
alm2map,
alm2map_der,
alm2map_spin,
in order to simulate (faster) a signal on only a fraction of the sphere,
introduction of apply_mask to apply an arbitrary mask and/or
a latitude cut to a map,
improved support for version 18 and more of Intel C and F90 compilers
in configure script,
edition to fitstools.F90
allowing a proper compilation with g95.
C implementation of fftpack
replaced with pocketfft
online documentation
for Line Integral Convolution code alice3
fits2cl: addition of /PLANCK3 keyword to read the fiducial
-CDM
model which best fits the 2018 Planck data analysis (available from Healpix/test/planck2018_lcdm_cl_v3.fits);
rotate_coord: addition of optional variable Delta_Psi containing rotation of polarization on output, and of keyword Free_Norm to deal with un-normalized input coordinate vectors;
minor bugs correction in
azeqview, cartview, gnomview, mollview, orthview (when
polarization=3) and
alm2fits (user provided header now correctly processed).
Update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and Coyote
library
routines (2018-09-27).
Switch to
healpy 1.12.8
(CHANGELOG)
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.40 (2018-06)
General
A new set of (pixel-based) quadrature weights has been introduced, besides the older ring-based ones, to improve the accuracy of the Spherical Harmonics calculation. For maps
containing a signal that is band-limited at
, this allows
recovery of the
at almost machine precision. They are supported by map-analysis routines in C++, Fortran, IDL and Python.
The weights for power-of-2 values of
Nside in
are precomputed and shipped in
Healpix/data/weight_pixel_n?????.fits,
and the missing ones can be computed for any value of
Nside with the compute_weights C++ facility.
C++
IMPORTANT: the syntax for specifying ring weights and pixel windows has
changed! This affects the facilities anafast_cxx, smoothing_cxx,
udgrade_harmonic_cxx, alm2map_cxx, mult_alm_cxx.
Pixel window files have to be specified (with path) using the parameter
windowfile; ringweights is used for ring weight files, and pixelweights
for pixel weight files.
Full pixel quadrature weights are now supported in map analysis facilities such as anafast_cxx, smoothing_cxx and udgrade_harmonic_cxx
using the pixelweights parameter.
Experimental needlet_tool code for needlet analysis
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
The facilities
anafast and
smoothing now support pixel-based quadrature weights.
Introduction of the supporting
nside2npweights,
unfold_weightsfile,
get_healpix_weight_file,
get_healpix_pixel_weight_file.
The subroutine
input_map in its default mode
and the facilities
anafast,
median_filter,
smoothing, and
ud_grade
test the value of the POLCCONV FITS keyword when reading a polarized map,
and interpret the polarization accordingly,
as described in the note on POLCCONV in The HEALPix Primer.
median_filter facility and
median subroutine: faster by moving an internal array from heap to stack; do not crash anymore when dealing with empty data sets;
slightly different output of median_filter: when median is computed over an even number of pixels
, sorted in [1,n],
the output is d(n/2) instead of
(d(n/2)+d(n/2+1))/2 previously. Result remains d(n/2+1) for odd n.
IDL
The routines ianafast and ismoothing
can now use pixel-based quadrature weights. Addition of the supporting functions
nside2npweights and
unfold_weights.
ianafast and ismoothing:
see note on POLCCONV in F90 facilities above.
change_polcconv has been improved to allow the change of
polarization convention (by changing the sign of U Stokes parameter and updating POLCCONV value) in FITS files
containing polarized maps generated by standard HEALPix tools,
as well as for specific formats brewed by the WMAP and Planck projects throughout the years.
New help_st to get information on a structure and its sub-structures
azeqview, cartview, gnomview, mollview, orthview
visualization routines:
addition of the keywords
CUSTOMIZE and
DEFAULT_SETTINGS
for extensize customization of the figures produced
GLSIZE and
IGLSIZE can now be 2-element vectors to control separately the size
(and presence) of labels on the parallel and meridian graticules
fine control of polarisation rods thickness with POLARIZATION
addition of the SILHOUETTE keyword to add a tunable silhouette around the projected map (mollview and orthview only)
Improved support for GDL and FL (Fawlty Language).
Update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and Coyote
library
routines (2018-05-15).
Python
Switch to
healpy 1.12.8
(CHANGELOG)
Addition of the python facility src/python/change_polcconv.py to change the polarization convention
(see IDL's change_polcconv.pro above).
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.31 (2016-08)
General
Detailed HOWTO for installation under Windows;
Interactive configure script now supports MINGW environment (for Windows),
and better detects gcc and python versions;
Improved cross-document linking in PDF documentation.
C++
Removal of C++11 features inadvertently introduced in Version 3.30
(see https://sourceforge.net/p/healpix/bugs/72)
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
Bug correction in input_map routine for reading of polarized multi-HDU cut sky FITS files;
Introduction of
winfiledir_* and
windowfile_* qualifiers in alteralm facility.
IDL
Improved support for GDL;
update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and Coyote
library
routines (2016-08-19).
Python
Switch to
healpy 1.9.1
(CHANGELOG)
Removed C++ 11 features
Streamlined setup.py
Plotting fixes for Python 3
Numpy 1.10 fix
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.30 (2015-10)
C++
support for multi-order coverages (MOC);
allow generation of
from 6-component power spectra;
moved from alice2 to alice3, which produces FITS HEALPix maps as output.
These can be visualized more flexibly with external tools.
switch from custom xcomplex class to std::complex;
rangeset class has been redesigned.
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
anafast facility now produces nine spectra
(TT, EE, BB, TE, TB, EB, ET, BT and BE), instead of six previously,
when analyzing two polarized maps;
alm2cl subroutine can now produces nine spectra
(TT, EE, BB, TE, TB, EB, ET, BT and BE), instead of six previously, when
called with two sets of polarized
and can also symmetrize
the output
if requested;
the
generated by
create_alm subroutine can now take into account
non-zero (exotic) TB and EB cross-spectra (option polar=2) if the input FITS file contains the relevant information
new routines nest2uniq
and uniq2nest for conversion
of standard pixel index to/from Unique ID number. See "The Unique Identifier scheme" section in "HEALPix Introduction Document"
for more details.
improved
repeat
behavior in write_bintabh routine
edited map2alm_iterative
routine to avoid a bug specific to Intel's Ifort 15.0.2
CFITSIO version 3.20 (August 2009) or more now required;
IDL
azeqview, cartview, gnomview, mollview, orthview
visualization routines:
addition of PDF keyword for production of Adobe PDF outputs;
addition of LATEX keyword for genuine
or emulated LATEX processing of character strings;
addition of PFONTS keyword to select
origin and type of character font;
the CROP keyword now has the same behavior for all output media (GIF, JPEG, PDF, PNG, PS, ... and X); the NOBAR keyword now removes the color bar or the polarization color wheel, as applicable; correct EQUINOX date in header of output FITS map; the double precision maps and those with constant value are now correctly handled.
fits2cl: addition of /PLANCK2 keyword
to read best fit
model to Planck 2015 data.
new routines nest2uniq and uniq2nest for conversion of standard pixel index to/from Unique ID number. See "The Unique Identifier scheme" section in "HEALPix Introduction Document"
for more details.
HEALPix enabled GDL commands (hgdl and hgdlde) are defined during the
configuration process.
update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and Coyote
library
routines (2015-09-23).
Java
deprecated parts of the library have been removed;
MOC support (see
http://ivoa.net/documents/MOC/
for high-level description);
queries for arbitrary polygons (using MOC);
new targets in build.xml which allow compilation without external JARs.
Python
switch to healpy
1.9.0
same C++ source code as HEALPix 3.30
drop support for Python 2.6
support for astropy.fits
improvements to read_map and write_map
renamed get_neighbours to get_interp_weights
several bug fixes in build and installation processes
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.20 (2014-12)
General
Generation of
pkg-config
files during the configuration of the C, C++ and F90 packages.
See Section 6 of
"HEALPix Installation"
for
details.
C
Top configure script now proposes compilation with or without
CFITSIO-related functions
Improved autotools support
C++
automatic workaround for bugs in older versions of GNU g++ compiler
(bug reports
37,
45,
48,
51)
workaround for possible bug in Intel icc 14.0 compiler
bug fix in Mollweide projection in map2tga when not looking at (0,0)
autotools updates
deprecation warnings in alice2, soon to be replaced
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
HEALPix-F90 routines and facilities can now also be compiled with
the free Fortran95 compiler g95
(http://www.g95.org/).
See Section 7.1 of "HEALPix Installation"
for details.
A separate build directory is used to store the objects,
modules, ... produced during the compilation of the source codes
improved handling of long FITS keywords, now producing FITS files
fully compatible with the
PyFITS
and
Astropy (https://www.astropy.org)
Python libraries
improved FITS file parsing in
generate_beam,
affecting the external B(l) reading in the F90 facilities
alteralm,
synfast,
sky_ng_sim,
smoothing.
IDL
addition of ialteralm to modify
Spherical Harmonics coefficients (
).
addition of planck_colors to
modify current color table to one used in Planck 2013 publications.
cartview, gnomview, mollview, orthview:
addition of
BAD_COLOR,
BG_COLOR and
FG_COLOR keywords to change the color of the
missing pixels, background and foreground labels and lines.
support for
COLT='planck1' and
COLT='planck2' to use the Planck color tables
defined in planck_colors
Bugs correction in
bin_llcl,
query_disc.
update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and their supporting Coyote
routines (2014-11-10).
Java
explicit deprecation warnings in the source codes
Python
switch to healpy
1.8.1
fixes bugs in monopole removal,
adds orthographic projection,
easier install on MacOSX
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.11 (2013-04)
General
libsharp
C library used for Spherical Harmonics Transforms
in Fortran and C++ since HEALPix 3.10
can now be compiled with any gcc version.
C++
See General section above
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
bug correction in query_disc
routine in inclusive mode
bug correction in alm2map_spin
routine, which had its spin value set to 2
See General section above
IDL
ang2pix_ring and
pix2ang_nest
routines now accept scalar arguments
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.10 (2013-03)
General
N/AC
experimental GNU autotools support (undocumented); the standard
configuration script remains available
C++
Spherical Harmonics Transform library libpsht replaced by libsharp
(Reinecke & Seljebotn, 2013).
Note that
some gcc versions
(4.4.1 to 4.4.6) crash with an internal compiler error during compilation of libsharp.
The problem has been fixed in gcc 4.4.7, 4.5.*, 4.6.*, 4.7.* and
newer versions and was not present in versions 4.2.* and 4.3.*.
added boundaries() method to T_Healpix_Base
experimental GNU autotools support (undocumented); the standard
configuration script remains available
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
all Fortran facilities now support most of cfitsio's "Extended File
Name Syntax" features,
allowing the reading and processing of an arbitrary HDU and table column out of
remote, compressed FITS files. For example, setting
infile = ftp://url/file.fits.gz[extn][col colname]
in anafast
will download the FITS file file.fits.gz from url,
uncompress it, open the HDU (extension) featuring keyword EXTNAME=extn, or the one with 1-based rank number extn, read the table column
with TTYPE*=colname out of it and will analyze it.
It is also possible to perform a remote anafast analysis of a
Planck Legacy Archive (PLA)
sky map named map.fits via the PLA AIO
Subsystem
by simply setting
infile=https://pla.esac.esa.int/pla/aio/product-action?MAP.MAP_ID=map.fits
as input map file.
yet faster
synfast,
anafast,
smoothing thanks to libsharp
routines (see warning on
gcc releases above).
IDL
bug corrections:
query_disc: correct handling of empty disc;
bin_llcl: correct handling of optional argument.
double precision of input now preserved in
gaussbeam and
euler_matrix_new.
fits2cl: addition of
/PLANCK1 keyword
to read best fit C(l) model to Planck 2013 + external data.
it is now possible to read a specific FITS file extension identified by its
(0-based) number or its case-insensitive EXTNAME value with the Extension
keyword added to
fits2cl,
getsize_fits,
read_fits_map,
read_fits_s and
read_tqu.
update of the required
IDL-astron library
routines, and their supporting Coyote
routines (2013-02-08).
Java
N/APython
switch to healpy 1.5.0: addition of
gauss_beam
to generate Gaussian beam window function.
Bug corrections and Improvements in Version 3.0 (2012-11)
General
Introduction of the script healpix_doc for easy access to the HEALPix
PDF and HTML documentation.
C
Interface has remained unchanged, but the code has been replaced by a C port
of the relevant Healpix C++ functions, resulting in significant speedups.
Additional functions are provided which support Nside values up to 229.
They have the same name as the traditional functions, with a "64" suffix appended.
C++
Query routines:
query_polygon() and query_polygon_inclusive() added.
Query routines now return lists of pixel ranges instead of lists of pixels,
which is much more economic.
Inclusive query routines: tradeoff between performance and number of false
positives is tuneable.
Queries now work natively in both NESTED and RING schemes. Operations on
the NESTED scheme are typically slower than in RING, but still much faster
than computing the query in RING and converting all pixel numbers to NESTED
afterwards.
Healpix_Base:
Healpix_Base and Healpix_Base2 have been merged into the templated class
T_Healpix_Base; functionality is still available under the old names.
Various performance improvements to T_Healpix_Base functionality
User-friendliness:
module parameters can now optionally be passed on the command line instead
of using a parameter file. For example:
anafast_cxx nlmax=500 infile=test.fits iter_order=3
Facilities now check input maps for undefined pixels before calling map2alm().
If undefined pixels are found, a warning is printed, and the pixels are set
to zero. udgrade_cxx refuses downgrading of polarised maps (which would produce
unphysical results)
Bug fixes: accuracy of pix2ang near the poles at high resolutions has been improved.
Configuration: optional autoconf support
Interface changes:
Healpix_Base::query_*(): new interface
cxxutils.h has been split up into
announce.h (dealing with module banners),
share_utils.h (dealing with subdividing tasks between multiple workers) and
string_utils.h (dealing with string manipulation and file parsing)
psht.h: interface to alm_info changed in order to add MPI support
ylmgen_c.h: Ylmgen_init() interface has changed
bluestein.h: bluestein_i() interface changed
Fortran 90 facilities
and
subroutines
Compressed and/or remote (ftp or http) FITS files can now be
read. CFITSIO 3.14 or more is now required;
introduction of the
process_mask
facility to compute the angular distance of valid
pixels to the closest invalid pixels for a input binary mask, and of the
supporting routines
dist2holes_nest,
fill_holes_nest,
maskborder_nest,
size_holes_nest;
the pixel query routine
query_disc
has been improved and will return fewer
false positive pixels in the
inclusive mode;
improved accuracy of the co-latitude calculation in the vicinity
of the poles at high resolution in
nest2ring, ring2nest, pix2ang_*, pix2vec_*,
;
sky_ng_sim now allows the computation
of the spatial derivatives of the non Gaussian map being produced, and the
output of the
coefficients of that map;
anafast now allows the
pro/down-grading of the input mask to match the resolution of the map(s) being
analyzed;
the median filter routine medfiltmap, used by the facility
median_filter is now parallelized.
IDL
New routines to go from circular beam profile to transfer function
(beam2bl),
and back (bl2beam);
to go from indexed list of
to a(l,m) 2D table
(alm_i2t),
and back
(alm_t2i); and to compute the angular distance
between pairs of vectors (angulardistance).
addition of iprocess_mask
interface to F90 process_mask facility to compute the angular distance of valid
pixels to the closest invalid pixels for a input binary mask.
creation of hpx2dm routine to generate
DomeMaster images of HEALPix maps that can be projected on planetariums.
the pixel query routines
query_triangle,
query_polygon,
and in particular query_disc,
have been improved and will return fewer
false positive pixels in the inclusive mode
improved accuracy of the co-latitude calculation in the vicinity
of the poles at high resolution in
nest2ring, ring2nest, pix2ang_*, pix2vec_*,
cartview, gnomview, mollview, orthview:
the length and spacing of the headless vectors used to represent
polarization is now user-controlled via
POLARIZATION
keyword. The COLT keyword now
allows the use of an interactively modified color table.
orthview now accepts
STAGGER keyword to overplot staggered
spheres (with a twist) in order to detect periodic boundary conditions on the
sky
fits2cl: addition of WMAP7 keyword
to read best fit C(l) model to WMAP 7yr data.
read_fits_map can now read
Nside=8192 HEALPix maps and is generally faster than previously for smaller
maps
update of astron library routines (01-Feb-2012).
Java
Core functionality has been reimplemented from scratch in the form of the
"healpix.essentials" package. It is strongly recommended to use this package
directly in future projects making use of Java HEALPix .
"healpix.essentials" is a port of the Healpix C++ library and presents a very
similar interface.
The "healpix.core" package is still provided. It uses "healpix.essentials"
internally, and its interface has been kept stable as much as possible.
Some adaptations in user code will still be necessary, however.
Please note that using "healpix.core" will result in slightly lower performance
than calling "healpix.essentials" methods directly, because of the necessary
data conversion.
New features and improvements introduced with the HealpixBase class, compared
to the HealpixIndex, Healpix and PixTools classes:
close similarities with Healpix_Base_T class from Healpix C++, which allows
simultaneous development and bug fixes for both.
support for arbitrary positive Nside values in RING scheme; no longer limited
to powers of 2
maximum supported Nside value: 229
significant performance improvements: most methods have been accelerated
by integral factors, some by more than an order of magnitude.
re-implementation of queryDisc and queryPolygon, with same new features
as the C++ implementation (see above).
the HealpixProc class offers a procedural (instead of object-oriented)
interface to the HealpixBase functionality, which simplifies transition
for users of the "Healpix" and "PixTools" classes.
NOTE: this only works for Nside parameters which are powers of 2
many bug fixes
no external library dependencies, except for "nom.tam.fits" if FITS I/O is
required
Python
the
healpy
package (C. Rosset, A. Zonca et al.) is now part of HEALPix
HEALPix Facility Installation Guidelines
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