Summary: it is necessary to re-configure your project (just running
'./project configure -e', not deleting 'build/software' to re-build
software) after this commit, see "Affected files" item below).

Until now, we only had a relatively long set of manual instructions for
building Maneage within Docker in the top-level README. This was hard to
automate, focing Maneage users to write custom commands based on the
instructions and maintain those scripts outside of Maneage. As a result,
experience could not be shared between projects (or at most in the README
file!).

With this commit, a new 'reproduce/software/containers' directory has been
created within Maneage that contains two scripts (with a unified interface)
greatly simplifying the building of the project's software environment
within a container (one script for Apptainer and one for Docker). Two
READMEs have been added for each container to help in their first time
usage. Also, the old checklist within the main README has been replaced
with a short introduction on containers and points the interested readers
to the custom README of each container technology.

Since we wanted the containers to be read-only after build, we needed to
fully decouple the 'build/software' and 'build/analysis', such that
'./project configure' only writes to the former and './project make' only
writes the latter. The file and directories mentioned in the affected files
are cases that both project phases was writing to the 'build/software' and
'build/analysis' directories.

Affected files: 'preparation-done.mk' and 'lockdir' which were previously
in the 'build/software' directory are now made during the 'make' phase and
the 'configure' phase no longer builds the 'build/analysis' or anything
within it. Also, the software version LaTeX macros (which were previously
written during the 'configure' phase in the 'analysis' directory) are now
written in the software directory and copied into the analysis for usage in
LaTeX while building the paper.

Other minor additions in this commit:

  - The './project' script has a new '--timing' option to write the
    starting and ending times of the project in a file. It also builds the
    high-level analysis directories when './project make' is called (but
    before calling 'top-make.mk'.

  - The 'tar' calls in the custom build commands of the software building
    Makefiles now have the '--no-same-owner --no-same-permissions' options
    like the 'tar' call within the 'uncompress' function of
    'build-rules.mk'.

This commit was originally written by Giacomo Lorenzetti only for Apptainer
on the registered commit date. It was later re-implemented from scratch by
Mohammad Akhlaghi to have a unified interface for both Apptainer and Docker
and merged into Maneage on 2025-04-23.

Until now, one had to follow the instructions from [1] to prepare a
standard software tarball before merging with the low-level
tarballs-software repository [2]. The script only worked for '.tar.gz'
suffix and was only available as a comment on Savannah (in [1]).

With this commit, the script has been imported into Maneage as
'reproduce/software/shell/tarball-prepare.sh' to simplify future software
updates. It work with all supported '.tar.*' suffixes (of the upstream
tarball repository) and will convert the tarballs to Maneage's standard
format. Also, this script has a minimal argument parser and can skip the
tarballs that are already unpacked, allowing faster tests.

This script was used to update the versions of:

    Coreutiles    9.0  --> 9.1
    Git           2.34 --> 2.36
    Emacs         27.2 --> 28.1

The main motive behind this update was Git which announced a vulnerability
issue [3] and suggested an update to the latest version as soon as
possible. More detail is described in this github blog [4], but in summary,
it was a security issue on multi-user systems that has been found and fixed
by Git developers. Since Maneage is often installed on such shared systems,
it was important to make this update. GNU Coreutils and GNU Emacs were also
updated because they are also commonly used.

The following improvements have also done with this commit:

 - .gitignore: ignore emacs auto-save files (that end with a '#')

 - README-hacking.md: In the checklist for updating the Maneage branch, the
   no-longer-necessary '--decorate' option of Git was removed from the
   command to check the general branch history.

[1] https://savannah.nongnu.org/task/?15699
[2] https://git.maneage.org/tarballs-software.git/
[3] https://lore.kernel.org/git/xmqqv8veb5i6.fsf@gitster.g/
[4] https://github.blog/2022-04-12-git-security-vulnerability-announced/

Until now, while the series of steps mentioned in 'README.md' were
complete, they had some implicit thing in them that made it a little hard
to run as a checklist (the commands to do some basic things weren't
included). Also, it was recommending to run a long 'docker run ...'
command, which wasn't too user friendly.

With this commit, the series of steps is now a complete checklist,
containing every step. Also, the checklist now recommends putting the long
'docker run' command inside a script called 'docker-run' that will also do
a 'sudo' internally (thus making things very easy for a first-time user).

Also, since the 'docker-run' script contains host OS-specific directory
names, it should not be under control, so it has been added to the
'.gitignore' file in case users decide to keep this same name (which is
recommended).

Until now, the project would first ask for the basic directories, then it
would start testing the compiler. But that was problematic because the
build directory can come from a previous setting (with `./project configure
-e'). Also, it could confuse users to first ask for details, then suddently
tell them that you don't have a working C library! We also need to store
the CPATH variable in the `LOCAL.conf' because in some cases, the compiler
won't work without it.

With this commit, the compiler checking has been moved at the start of the
configure script. Instead of putting the test program in the build
directory, we now make a temporary hidden directory in the source directory
and delete that directory as soon as the tests are done.

In the process, I also noticed that the copyright year of the two hidden
files weren't updated and corrected them.

Until now, the configuration Makefiles (in
`reproduce/software/config/installation' and `reproduce/analysis/config')
had a `.mk' suffix, similar to the workhorse Makefiles. Although they are
indeed Makefiles, but given their nature (to only keep configuration
parameters), it is confusing (especially to early users) for them to also
have a `.mk' (similar to the analysis or software building Makefiles).

To address this issue, with this commit, all the configuration Makefiles
(in those directories) are now given a `.conf' suffix. This is also assumed
for all the files that are loaded.

The configuration (software building) and running of the template have been
checked with this change from scratch, but please report any error that may
not have been noticed.

THIS IS AN IMPORTANT CHANGE AND WILL CAUSE CRASHES OR UNEXPECTED BEHAVIORS
FOR PROJECTS THAT HAVE BRANCHED FROM THIS TEMPLATE. PLEASE CORRECT THE
SUFFIX OF ALL YOUR PROJECT'S CONFIGURATION MAKEFILES (IN THE DIRECTORIES
ABOVE), OTHERWISE THEY AREN'T AUTOMATICALLY LOADED ANYMORE.

Until now, the software building and analysis steps of the pipeline were
intertwined. However, these steps (of how to build a software, and how to
use it) are logically completely independent.

Therefore with this commit, the pipeline now has a new architecture
(particularly in the `reproduce' directory) to emphasize this distinction:
The `reproduce' directory now has the two `software' and `analysis'
subdirectories and the respective parts of the previous architecture have
been broken up between these two based on their function. There is also no
more `src' directory. The `config' directory for software and analysis is
now mixed with the language-specific directories.

Also, some of the software versions were also updated after some checks
with their webpages.

This new architecture will allow much more focused work on each part of the
pipeline (to install the software and to run them for an analysis).

Until now, the files where the people were meant to change didn't have a
proper copyright notice (for example `Copyright (C) YOUR NAME.'). This was
wrong because the license does not convey copyright ownership. So the name
of the file's original author must always be included and when people
modify it (and add their own copyright-able modifications).

With this commit, the file's original author (and email) are added to the
copyright notice and when more than one person modified a file, both names
have their individual copyright notice.

Based on this, the description for adding a copyright notice in
`README-hacking.md' has also been modified.

Until now, for short files, we only had a license notice, not an actual
copyright notice. With this commit, a copyright notice has also been
added. We use this new command to find these files, suggested by
`ineiev@gnu.org'.

Until now, the steps to manage the command-line options of the configure
script were limited (couldn't accept an equal sign or space between the
option name and value). With this commit, it can now also accept optional
equal signs between the option name and value. Thus not causing many
confusions.

Also, it is more logically consistent for the link to the build-directory
to be placed in the top directory (as a hidden file like `.local' until
now), and not as a visible directory like `reproduce/build' (which we used
until now). Therefore, with this commit, the link to easily access the
build-directory is `.build' in the top source directory.

Finally, because `minmapsize' is too specific to Gnuastro and has now been
given its default value at the start of the configure script, the
description for `minmapsize' has been removed (to not confuse users who
don't use Gnuastro). If anyone is familiar enough with Gnuastro to change
it, they already know it from its book.

In the previous commit, a copyright notice was added after a systematic
search of the version controlled files. However, we missed `.gitignore'
(because we were discarding those with the `*.git*' pattern to avoid files
in the `.git' directory). This has been fixed by using this command (in the
top project directory) instead:

    for f in $(find ./ -type f); do \
      if [[ $f != ./.git/* ]]; then \
        n=$(grep -i copyright $f | wc -l); \
        echo "$n $f"; \
      fi; \
    done | awk '$1==0'